Joel Aranda Cardenas SMX 1r

SOME COMMANDS WITH THEIR EXAMPLES

📂 File and directory management

Command	Description
cp	Copies files or folders.
mv	Moves or renames files or folders.
rm	Deletes files or folders ⚠️ Use with caution (rm -rf).
mkdir	Creates a new directory.
rmdir	Deletes an empty directory.
touch	Creates an empty file or updates its timestamp.
cat	Displays the full content of a file.
less / more	Displays file content page by page.
head / tail	Shows the first or last lines of a file.

⚙️ System management

Command	Description
sudo	Executes commands with superuser privileges.
apt / dnf / yum / pacman	Package managers depending on the distribution.
top / htop	Shows active processes and resource usage.
ps	Displays running processes.
kill	Terminates a process.
df	Shows free disk space.
du	Shows size of files or directories.
free	Displays RAM usage.
uname -a	Shows OS and kernel information.
uptime	Shows how long the system has been running.

🌐 Network and connectivity

Command	Description
ping	Checks connectivity with another machine.
ifconfig / ip a	Displays network configuration.
netstat / ss	Shows active connections and ports.
curl	Downloads or sends data from/to a URL.
wget	Downloads files from the web.
scp	Copies files between machines via SSH.
ssh	Connects to another machine via SSH.

🔐 Users and permissions

Command	Description
whoami	Shows the current user.
id	Shows user and group IDs.
chmod	Changes file permissions.
chown	Changes the owner of a file or folder.
adduser / useradd	Creates a new user.
passwd	Changes the user’s password.

🧰 Miscellaneous utilities

Command	Description
man	Shows the manual for a command.
history	Shows the command history.
grep	Searches for text inside files.
echo	Prints text or variables to the screen.
date	Shows or sets date and time.
tar	Compresses or extracts .tar or .tar.gz files.
zip / unzip	Compresses or extracts ZIP files.